【英文标准名称】:StandardSpecificationforImage-InteractiveStereotacticandLocalizationSystems
【原文标准名称】:影像干扰的定向探测系统的标准规范
【标准号】:ASTMF1719-1996(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1996
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:F04.31
【标准类型】:(Specification)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Sterilization;Therapeuticmodality;Anesthesiaequipment--specifications;Biplaneradiographictechniques;Calibration--medical/surgicaldevices/applications;Diagnosticmodality;Imageinteractivelocalizationsystems;MRI(magneticresonanceimaging);
【摘要】:Thefollowingusesofimaging-guidedstereotacticsurgeryhavebeendocumentedintheliterature,andarepresentedasexamples.Thislistisnotinclusiveofallthetechniquespresentlybeingused,andcertainlydoesnotreflectnorintendtoimpedethedevelopmentofnewtechniquesinthefuture:Biopsyofintracranialtissue,Implantationofradioisotopesbyvarioustechniques,Aspirationofcysts,Aspirationofabcesses,Instillationoftherapeuticagents,includingantibiotics,chemotherapeuticagents,tissue,drugs,andneurotransmitters,Insertionofelectrodesforrecordingofelectricalactivityorimpedance,Insertionofprobesforlesionproductioninfunctionalneurosurgery,Insertionofelectrodesforstimulation,Aspirationofhematomas,Resectionofmasslesions,Laservaporizationorremovalofintracranialtissue,Guidanceofexternallydeliveredradiationtherapy,Adjuncttoopensurgicalprocedures,Placementofcathetersintoventricles,cysts,andsoforth,andHyperthermia.1.1Thisspecificationcoversthecombineduseofstereotacticinstrumentsorsystemswithimagingtechniques,todirectadiagnosticortherapeuticmodalityintoaspecifictargetwithinthebrain,basedonlocalizationinformationderivedfromsuchimagingtechniques.1.2Forthepurposeofthisspecification,astereotacticinstrumentorsystemisaguiding,aiming,orviewingdeviceusedinhumanneurosurgeryforthepurposeofmanuallydirectingasystemortreatingmodalitytoaspecificpointwithinthebrainbyradiographic,imaging,orothervisualizationoridentificationoflandmarksortargetsorlesions.1.3DefinitionofStereotacticImagingSystems8212;Typesofimaging-guidedsystemsallrequirethreecomponents:animagingsystem,astereotacticframe,orotherphysicaldevicetoidentifythepositionofapointinspace,andamethodtorelateimage-generatedcoordinatestoframeordevicecoordinates.SeePerformanceSpecificationF1266.Theimagingtechniquemustreliablyandreproduciblygeneratedataconcerningnormalorabnormalanatomicstructures,orboth,thatcaninterfacewiththecoordinatesystemofthestereotacticframeorotherstereotacticsystem.Theimaging-guidedsystemsmustallowaccuratedirectionoftherapeutic,viewingordiagnosticmodalitiestoaspecificpointorvolumeoralongaspecifictrajectorywithinthebrainoroftenaccurateestimationofstructuresizeandlocationallowingbiopsy,resection,vaporization,implantation,aspiration,orothermanipulation,orcombinationthereof.Thestandardsofaccuracy,reproducibility,andsafetymustbemetfortheimagingmodality,thestereotacticsystem,andthemethodofinterfacebetweenthetwo,andforthesystemasawhole.Themechanicalpartsoftheimagingmodalityandthestereotacticsystemshouldbeconstructedtoallowmaximalinteractionwithminimalinterferencewitheachother,tominimizeimagingartifactanddistortion,andminimizepotentialcontaminationofthesurgicalfield.1.4GeneralTypesofImagingthatMayBeUsedWithStereotacticSystems8212;Currentlyemployedimagingmodalitiesusedinimaging-guidedstereotacticsystemsincluderadiography,angiography,computedtomography,magneticresonanceimaging,ultrasound,biplaneandmultiplanedigitalsubtractionangiography,andpositronemissionscanning.However,itisrecognizedthatothermodalitiesmaybeinterfacedwithcurrentlyavailableandfuturestereotacticsystemsandthatnewimagingmodalitiesmayevolveinthefuture.Standardsforimagingdeviceswillbedealtwithindocumentsconcerningsuchdevices,andwillnotbeaddressedh......
【中国标准分类号】:C43
【国际标准分类号】:11_040_99
【页数】:7P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Bituminousandtarbinders.Bitumenemulsion.Specifications.
【原文标准名称】:含沥青和焦油的粘合剂.沥青乳胶.规范
【标准号】:NFT65-011-1984
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:法国
【发布日期】:1984-10-01
【实施或试行日期】:1984-10-20
【发布单位】:法国标准化协会(FR-AFNOR)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:E43
【国际标准分类号】:75_140
【页数】:3P.;A4
【正文语种】:其他